South Sudan is
one of the youngest African countries. It relies significantly on development
and humanitarian aid to curb the high levels of violence, hunger and
unemployment and underdevelopment. According to OECD, South Sudan receives aid
from the international community including various UN agencies. Most of the
funding in South Sudan goes to state-building and peace building activities.
However, security problems have hindered humanitarian and development efforts
from the international community.
The
country is rated as a highly fragile state and requires a lot of investments in
financial aid to help the various agents providing humanitarian services and
development projects. There were approximately 2.2 million displaced people in
2015 in the country due to civil conflicts (Mugisha
and Nkamleu, 2016). In 2015, the level of poverty of
the country rose to 57%. Therefore, South Sudan’s aid dependency is high in
health and food sectors. Organizations such as African Development Bank, OECD,
UNDP, Red Cross, UKAID and USAID have played a significant role in funding
South Sudan. The dependency on aid for basic services such as food and health
is a big hindrance to development because there is little funding channelled
towards development projects.
The leading sponsor of the
Humanitarian efforts in South Sudan is the UN Humanitarian Response Plan for
South Sudan which collects funding from all over the world. In 2016, South
Sudan received a total funding of $608.6 million committed to Humanitarian
services. The largest funding received by South Sudan comes from the U.S.,
which is approximately $147.5% or 24% of the total funding given to South Sudan
(START, 2016). The South Sudan Humanitarian Response Plan required a total
funding of $1.29 trillion but managed to receive 40% of that amount. Therefore,
there is still a long way to go in order to achieve the target. After the US,
the next sponsor is the EU followed by the UK.
UN Humanitarian Response Plan for
South Sudan works through the Central emergency response fund and common
humanitarian fund in the country. The funds go to different emergency and
humanitarian services depending on the situation (START, 2016). The sector that
received the highest funding in 2016 is the Food sector, getting $147 million
(24%). This amount is significant, and it indicates that the country is indeed
far from reaching desirable levels of development. There is need for basic
services including provision of food before the country can think about
development projects.
South Sudan
funding (Source: OECD, 2011).
The figure above shows that South
Sudan has received the highest funding in food as shown by the yellow part
which is the largest portion. The emergency and humanitarian funds provided
through the UN are used to provide food to displaced and hungry people (START,
2016). Displaced people cannot work, so they are not able to provide food for
themselves. Furthermore, South Sudan has faced recurrent drought since 2014 due
to lack of alternative food production methods such as irrigation. Therefore,
the hunger caused by drought and civil conflicts require significant
humanitarian funding.
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References
Mugisha, F. and Nkamleu, G.B. (2016). South Sudan. African Economic Outlook
[Online] accessed from http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/country-notes/south-sudan.
OECD (2011). 2011 Report on International
Engagement in Fragile States: Republic of South Sudan. OECD Publishing.
START (2016). UN Humanitarian Response Plan for South
Sudan. START Global Network.
